Related Conditions and Treatments
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Condition
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a combination of medical problems. These problems may include heart defects, cleft palate, speech or feeding problems, difficulty fighting infections, low calcium levels, kidney problems, learning or behavioral issues, and facial differences.
Learn more about 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Achondroplasia
Condition
Achondroplasia is a genetic bone disorder, affecting one in 20,000 babies. It is the most common type of dwarfism.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Condition
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) involves a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord that damages the brain's myelin.
Learn more about Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Condition
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neurologic condition that can cause muscle weakness and possible paralysis.
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)
Condition
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare genetic condition that causes the buildup of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in the brain.
Airway Obstruction
Condition
Airway obstruction, also known as foreign body airway obstruction, happens when a small item gets stuck in a child’s throat or upper airway and makes it hard for the child to breathe.
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Condition
Amniotic band syndrome (constriction ring syndrome) happens when fibrous bands of the amniotic sac get tangled around a developing fetus.
Arthrogryposis
Condition
Arthrogryposis is a term used to describe conditions characterized by stiff joints and abnormally developed muscles.
Bone Tumors and Bone Cysts
Condition
Bone tumors and bone cysts are types of abnormal growth within a bone. Most are benign (noncancerous).
Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Condition
Brachial plexus birth injury is an injury to the brachial plexus nerves that occurs during childbirth.
Brain Tumors
Condition
Childhood brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), but both types can be life-threatening.
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Condition
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect muscle tone, posture, and movement as a result of damage to the brain of an infant.
Congenital Limb Differences
Condition
Congenital limb differences occur when a baby’s arm or leg does not form properly during pregnancy.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Condition
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and most severe type of muscular dystrophy.
Ewing Sarcoma
Condition
Ewing sarcoma is a kind of cancer that grows in bones or soft tissues.
Head or Brain Injury
Condition
Head injury is a broad term that describes many different types of conditions — ranging from bumps and bruises to concussions, skull fractures, and serious brain injuries.
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Condition
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of over 80 different genetic conditions that present with progressive spasticity (muscle tightness) and weakness.
Limb Length Discrepancy
Condition
A limb-length discrepancy is when one leg or arm is shorter than the other leg or arm.
Movement Disorders
Condition
Children with movement disorders have involuntary movements or trouble moving in the way they intend to.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Condition
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is when the body's immune system reacts against the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Condition
Muscular dystrophy is a general name for a group of rare diseases that cause muscle weakness. It is caused by mutations in certain genes.
Myasthenia Gravis
Condition
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that causes the muscles, especially in the eyes, mouth, throat, and limbs, to weaken after periods of activity.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Condition
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by fragile bones that break easily without a specific cause.
Osteosarcoma
Condition
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults.
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Condition
Peripheral nerve injuries interfere with signals between the brain and other parts of the body.
Rett Syndrome
Condition
Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a loss of spoken language and motor skills, as well as behavioral and neurological problems.
Skeletal Dysplasia
Condition
Skeletal dysplasia is a category of rare genetic disorders that cause abnormal development of a baby’s bones, joints, and cartilage.
Spina Bifida
Condition
Spina bifida occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the membranes that cover them (meninges) do not completely develop.
Spinal Cord Injury
Condition
A spinal cord injury is any damage to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma, rather than a birth defect or medical condition.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Condition
Spinal muscular atrophy is when muscles throughout the body are weakened because nerve cells in the spinal cord and brainstem do not work properly.
Stroke in Children
Condition
Stroke is a general term that is used to describe an injury to the brain caused by either bleeding (referred to as hemorrhagic stroke) or a lack of oxygen due to vessel obstruction (referred to as ischemic stroke).
Walking (Gait) Abnormalities
Condition
A gait abnormality is an unusual walking pattern.