Chondromas | Symptoms & Causes
What causes chondromas and who is affected by them?
Chondromas account for 25 percent of all benign bone tumors. The exact cause is unknown.
Enchondromas are the most common type of bone tumor found in the hand. Boys and girls are equally affected. They can occur at any age but usually enchondromas are not discovered until people are in their 30s or 40s.
Periosteal chondromas are extremely rare. They usually appear earlier, which may be because they produce symptoms, leading to earlier detection.
What are the symptoms of chondromas?
Enchondroma
- usually no symptoms
- pain
- fracture
- tendinitis (usually in the upper arm)
- painless swelling of a digit
Periosteal chondromas
- dull, achy pain
- swelling
- a mass that can be felt
- sometimes no symptoms
Chondromas | Diagnosis & Treatments
How are chondromas diagnosed?
In addition to a taking a complete medical history and performing a full physical examination, your child's doctor may use some combination of the following tests to diagnose either type of chondroma:
- x-rays
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- computerized tomography scan (also called CT or CAT scan)
- bone scan
- complete blood count (CBC)
What are the treatment options for chondromas?
Treatment for children with chondromas without symptoms may involve observation alone. Your child's doctor will watch for any signs of bone destruction or malignant transformation. Doctors will probably want to remove your child's chondromas that are causing symptoms, such as pain or fracture.
Removing the chondroma
The operation of choice, performed by an orthopaedic surgeon, usually involves curettage.
Curettage describes a procedure in which a tumor is surgically scraped out of the bone, leaving a cavity that is then packed with either donor bone tissue (allograft), bone chips taken from another bone (autograft), or other materials depending on the preference of the surgeon.
While the operation is performed, the surgeon will take a biopsy, a tissue sample of the tumor, so it can be examined under a microscope.
If the tumor is causing destruction or if doctors believe it will degenerate to a malignant condition known as chondrosarcoma, the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue may be surgically removed.
What is the long-term outlook for a patient with a chondroma?
The long-term outlook for a patient with enchondroma or periosteal chondroma varies from patient to patient depending on:
- the extent of the disease
- the size and location of the tumor
- the presence of absence of malignant degeneration
- the age and overall health of your child
- your child's tolerance for specific medication, procedures, or therapies
Generally, enchondroma and periosteal chondroma that are not causing any symptoms will resolve on their own as they stop growing at skeletal maturity. Due to the possibility of a transformation into a malignant condition, however, continual follow-up care is essential if your child is diagnosed with a chondroma.
How we care for chondromas
The Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Program at the Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center combines the expertise of Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute for the comprehensive medical and surgical care of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in children and teens.
