Our final investigation area is developing more potent chemical chaperones to treat insulin and leptin resistance and consequently type 2 diabetes and obesity, respectively. We have made important progress in this area and already identified much more potent chemical chaperones (100,000 fold more potent than PBA) and have shown that these new agents are indeed very strong anti-obesity agents. Currently we are trying to identify the targets of these new agents and understand detailed mechanism of action.